3 10 71 Place A place in Mexico or the United States visited by a person from the other country. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lexington, Kentucky, USA Description An account of the resource Lexington, Kentucky, saw many Mexican visitors come through it during the early 19th century. https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/9cd5cd7945c8c0155f0cb91c2da78d12.jpg 16dee8eb376b48bf41057a200c5cd856 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 400 Width 400 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1836-37: Almonte, Bee, Hockley, Patton, Santa Anna, Texas to Washington Description An account of the resource This collection brings together items related to the journey of Antonio López de Santa Anna, Juan Almonte, Barnard Bee, George Washington Hockley, and W.H. Patton from Orizombo, Texas, to Washington, D.C. in the aftermath of the Texas Revolution, 1836-37. The journey was part of the diplomatic frenzy that followed Texas's successful secession from Mexico in early 1836. Mexico refused to recognize the new republic, while Texas pushed for recognition, and eventual annexation, by the United States. Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexico's president, had been captured at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. After Santa Anna spent several months as a prisoner of war, the Republic of Texas government sent him to Washington to meet with U.S. President Andrew Jackson. The party--Juan Almonte, a Mexican Army colonel, served as Santa Anna's translator, while Bee, Hockley, and Patton served as Republic of Texas diplomats--journeyed overland through the United States, reaching Washington on January 18, 1837. Santa Anna and Almonte spent several days in the city before returning to Vera Cruz, Mexico, on February 21, 1837. This collection includes items related to that journey, from both the participants and observers. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. [p. 88]: An eminent personage there wished to know if I had not spoken of Santa Anna with Gen. Jackson, whom I had the pleasure of visiting at his house, and with whom I spent a most agreeable day, on my way to Mexico. I repeated the old hero's words. He said he an interview of six hours with Gen. Santa Anna, in which Mr. Forstyh, the present secretary of state, acted as interpreter. It is a pity, said the old general, that that man has a heart not as good as his head; yet the ex-president mistook what he thought to be Santa Anna's best part. He has shrewd, malicious, and mischievous dispositions; but not what phrenologists would call a good head. Notwithstanding an introduction I had to Santa Anna, what I heard of the man disgusted me so much, that I gave up visiting him at his country residence. I felt satisfied that it was not worth the trouble to go and see one more of the many rascals who move about the world. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A voyage to Mexico and Havanna: including some general observations on the United States Description An account of the resource 1841 travelogue of an Italian traveler to North America. During his journey he met with Andrew Jackson at the Hermitage, asking the former president about his meeting with Santa Anna. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barinetti, Carlo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1841 Zotero Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Printed for the author by C. Vinton https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/a71a817497a0121225a7bb82456a7ed5.jpg 7430c61d5fefdea34693d312a99fe4c6 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 1176 Width 1508 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Drawing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Houston, Santa Anna, and Cos Description An account of the resource Cartoon depicting the surrender of Antonio López de Santa Anna and Martín Perfecto de Cós to Sam Houston after the Battle of San Jacinto. Houston (left, in buckskin) states, "You are two bloody villains, and to treat you as you deserve, I ought to have you shot as an example! Remember the Alamo and Fannin!" Santa Anna (center) says, "I consent to remain your prisoner, most excellent sir!! Me no Alamo!!" (a reference to a common Mexican soldier saying after San Jacinto, in which soldiers denied involvement in the Battle of the Alamo, in hopes for mercy.) Cós says, "So do I most valiant Americano!! Me no Alamo!!" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Edward W. Clay Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Henry R. Robinson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1836 cos houston san jacinto Santa Anna surrender https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/5a9da3deb090e12d8bd12b00513cdef8.pdf 992cd14a8dbd4d52f3a085ba097361ca PDF Text Text U9- LAMAR'S PROSECUTION OF SANTA ANNA jniiuHiiiiiiiiiHiuMtniiiitiiiMiiithiiitiirnnnuiiifuiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiutiiiiiiiiiniMiiiiinnitmiiiiiiiiii spilt it *'The blood of Goliad and the Alamo. The hand that wrote Tekel on the walls of Mexico." Toast by Lamar, at a dinner given in his honor at Coiumbus, Ga., July 4, 1837. -- niiiiiiDniiMMiiiiiiiitiiiMiMitiiniitiiiiiiiiii iiMnriiniiiuitiiiiniiitiinniiiiMnniiiiiiiiiiiiMitiiniiiiinniiiiiiiiitiMinintininiiHtniiriiiiuiiiitttiMiiiiiiitHi SINCLAIR MORELAND EDITOR Published by The Texas Historical Press Austin, Texas Box 538 ��F 1232 .L2 Copy 1 Series No. 1 LAMAR'S PROSECUTION OF SANTA ANNA "The blood spilt it of Goliad and the Alamo. The hand that wrote Tekel on the walls of Mexico." Toast by Lamar, at a dinner given in his honor | -- | i at Columbus, Ga., July 4, 1837. I SINCLAIR MORELAND EDitOR Published by The Texas Historical Press Austin, Texas Box 538 �^^j^rj^. Uv.'^V.iW.c �: ; LAMAR'S PROSECUTION OF SANTA ANNA AVar Department, Eepnblic of Texas, 12th May, 1836. To the President and Cabinet Gentlemen-- Impressed with the importance of an early determination of the question as to what disposition shall be made of General Santa Anna and other Mexican prisoners in the custody of this government, I beg leave to call you to the consideration of the matter by tendering most respectfully the result of my reflections upon the subject, without burdening the cabinet with, the various considerations which have conducted me to my conclusions. Whatever course may be decided upon, prompt and energetic execution would seem to be highly advisable. From the tenor of some of our discussions, conducted with frankness and freedom, I infer that my views, in all probability, will be found on this embarrassing question not in accordance with those of a majority of the body with whom I have the honor to act; but, however variant our opinions,- there can be but one motive of action, which is patriotism, and but one object to attain, which is the good of the country. Feeling as I do a great reliance upon both your ability and willingness to perceive and pursue the right, I cannot urge my peculiar opinions with that ardour and zeal which I should do in cases where those with whom I might differ possessed a smaller share of my personal esteem .and public confidence. But, notwithstanding this unaffected deference to your virtue and wisdom, my convictions are not the less clear and stable, and my obligation to enforce them, as far as my official voice can do it, is not the less imperious and binding. Coming to my task with a clear conscience, and awarding the same to those with whom I disagree, I will in the first place promise that the different conclusions at which we have arrived in former discussions in relation to our distinguished prisoner, have arisen from the fact that whilst he has been considered by most of the cabinet exclusively as a prisoner of war, I have been disposed to regard him more as an apprehended murderer. The conduct of General Santa Anna will not permit me to view him in any other light. A chieftain battling for what he conceives to be the rights of his country, however mistaken in his views, may be privileged to make hot and vigorous war upon the foe but when, in violation of all the principles of civilized conflict, he avows and acts upon the revolting policy of extermination and rapine, slaying the surrendering, and plundering whom he slays, he forfeits the commiseration of mankind by sinking the character of the hero into that of an abhorred murderer. The President of Mexico has pursued such a war upon the citizens of this Republic. He has caused to be published to the world a decree denouncing as pirates beyond the reach of his clemency all who shall be found rallying around the standard of our independence. In accordance with this decree, he has turned over to the sword the bravest and best of our friends and fellow citizens after they had grounded their arms under �the most solemn pledge that their lives should be spared. He has fired our dwellings, laid waste our luxuriant fields, excited servile and insurrectionary war, violated plighted faith, and inhumanly ordered the cold-blooded butchery of prisoners, who have been betrayed into capitulation by heartless professions. I humbly conceive that the proclamation of such principles and the perpetuation of such crimes place the offender out of the pale of negotiation, and demand at our hands other treatment than what is due a mere prisoner of war. Instinct condemns him as a murderer, and reason justifies the verdict. Nor should the ends of justice be averted because of the exalted station of the criminal, or be made to give way to the suggestions of interest or any cold considerations of policy. He who sacrifices human life at the shrine of ambition, is a murderer, and deserves the punishment and infamy of one. The higher the offender, the greater reason for its infliction. I am therefore of the opinion that our prisoner, General Santa Anna, has forfeited his life by the highest of all crimes, and is not a suitable object for the exercise of our pardoning prerogative. There are minds, no doubt, that will readily assent to the justice of this sentence, yet, nevertheless, be willing to waive its execution for certain advantages which it is fancied will flow to our country from a wise and judicious negotiation. Of those who cherish this view of the matter, I would respectfully inquire, what surety do they propose for the fulfillment of any stipulations? "What good can they hope to result from an extorted treaty? General Santa Anna is our prisoner of war, and as such may be ready to enter into any agreement which our rights may require, or our selfishness exact; but, when restored to liberty and power, will he feel any obligation to comply with such terms which he had no agency in dictating? "What he assents to whilst a prisoner he may reject when a free man. Indeed, the idea of treating with a man in our power, who views freedom in acquiescence and death in opposition, seems to me more worthy of ridicule than refutation; and to carry on such a negotiation with an individual who never was known to fulfill a voluntary promise against his interest, with the remotest expectation that he will act up to an extorted one, which his pride and resentment spurn, would evince a confidence in human nature dangerous to act upon, and which I should most sincerely deplore if permitted to influence the councils of this Republic. If it be true, as experience leads us to suspect, that but little reliance is to be placed upon the faith even of good men, when it stands in collision with their interest, what dependence or confidence shall we repose upon the word of one whose sanguinary crimes are equalled only by his treachery and falsehood? Yet such is the acknowledged character of the distinguished individual with whom it is proposed to treat for our independence, and to restore to liberty and power under a verbal or written pledge that he will promote our wishes and serve our cause. With me such pledges are lighter dicer 's than moonshine 's watery beam. I trust them as I would a oaths." But, independent of this consideration, it may be very well doubted whether Santa Anna, with every disposition to fulfill every ' ' ' ' ' ' �--5-- agreement which he may now enter into, will, on his return to Mexico, have the power to do it. It was public opinion which drove him into war with Texas, and the same public sentiment, on his arrival at home, may keep him in the attitude of avowed, if not actual, hostility to this country. No matter what may be his private feelings, self-preservation, the stability of his power, may depend upon his continued opposition to our views. How can we then expect of him a compliance with any compact formed for the recognition The advantage of our independence, or for any other purpose? proposed to be gained from his supposed, or probable, integrity, cannot, of consequence, be realized, even with every willingness on his part to redeem his pledges. I doubt not in the least that as soon as the news of his defeat and imprisonment shall be sounded within the walls of Mexico, that instant will be lost all his authority in the land, as he has long since lost the affections of his people. He will be powerless either for good or ill. I am, therefore, decidedly opposed to all, negotiation or arrangements with him. First, because he is a prisoner, and not free to act secondly, because he is faithless and unworthy of confidence and thirdly, because of the great certainty of his inability to fulfill his promises, even with the desire to do it. But, after all, if I should find myself mistaken, if negotiations shall be entered into with him, and all the anticipated blessings be realized, our independence acknowledged, our national boundary settled, and our rights respected, I shall be mortified with the reflection that these ends, which might have been easily achieved by our valour, have been obtained by the sacrifice of just resentment, and the loss of merited vengeance. I shall certainly rejoice in my country's prosperity, but at the same time shall feel that whilst her interest was promoted, the ends of justice were perverted. Opposed as I stand to all negotiations with our prisoner, that question very naturally arises What is the next best course to adopt after the rejection of the proposal for his execution? I answer that T am but an ill adviser when I feel myself called upon to forsake the right, to follow the expedient yet, as I am bound officially to speak, I have no hesitancy in offering as my opinion, that the first thing to which we should direct our attention is the redemption of our fellow citizens in captivity, by exchange of prisoners, according to rank and numbers. When this is effected, the balance of the Mexicans in our power, the officers and soldiers, including General Santa Anna and his suite, should remain prisoners of war in the custody of the government, during the continuance of hostilities, which I would not cease to prosecute with all the vigour of our strength and resources, until our national rights shall be recognized in a treaty of peace with the government of Mexico. I feel that our country is fully adequate to the achievement of this desirable end, which I doubt not will be greatly facilitated by holding on to the most influential of our prisoners, whose interests it will be to promote, as "speedily as practicable, some arrangements with their government which shall give liberty to them and satisfaction to us. If they can be of any possible use to us in bringing about a recognition of our independence, it must be in this way; it must be by the lingering ; ; : ; �-- 6-- authority that may still attach to their names in Mexico, together with the personal influence which they may be able to exercise over their friends and partisans, for their redemption. As prisoners of war, it is their interest to forward our views, and they are powerless to do us harm but if we should release them upon the strength of any pledges which they might make, we turn loose an inveterate enemy, with knowledge increased by experience, and a disposition to injure augmented by mortified pride, with no guarantee for the fulfillment of promises, except the honor of one who feels no compunction and fears no shame. Hence I vote for their detention as prisoners, and stand opposed to all policy that would give them freedom before the termination of our struggle. And I recommend the adoption of this course the more cheerfully because it will operate the dethronement of a tyrant who never possessed power without abusing it, or the alfections of his people without betraying them. The detention of Santa Anna in Texas, until a treaty of peace is formed, will strip him of all authority in Mexico, and this will be mercy to that nation, and perhaps to mankind. He will return to the land that has groaned under his despotism a toothless viper, with the malevolence to strike, but without the fang to wound. Upon his downfall will rise the advocates of liberal principles and the friends of free government. Humanity will rejoice at the respite -from blood, and the agitated waves of society will be smoothed and tranquillized by the oil of peace. The ends of justice may not be fully attained, but the brave patriots whose rights have been crushed in the march of this ruthless rioter in blood will feel some consolation in the reflection that, though he escapes the proper expiation of crime, he will experience in the reverses of fortune some retribution for his merciless wars waged against human liberty and human life. I am understood, I presume, as recommending this course only as a secondary one. My mind adheres to its original convictions, that our prisoner should be tried and punished for the crime of murder. I still feel that strict justice requires this course, ; that it is sustained by reason, and will receive the sanction of the present generation, as well as the approving voice of posterit3^ If the cabinet could concur with me in this view of the subject, and march boldly up to what I conceive to be the line of right, it would form a bright page in the history of this infant nation. It would read well in the future annals of the present period, that the first act of this young Republic was to teach the Caligula of the age that in the administration of public justice, the vengeance of the law falls alike impartially on the prince and the peasant. It is time that such a lesson should be taught the despots of the earth. They have too long enjoyed an exemption from the common punishment of crime. Throned in power, they banquet on the life of man, and then have it in purchase security by the dispensation of favours. our power now to give an impulse to a salutary change in this order of things. "We are sitting in judgment upon the life of a stupendous villain, who, like all others of his race, hopes to escape the blow of merited vengeance by the strong appeals which his exalted station enables him to make to the weak or selfish principles of our nature. We �--7-- Shall he be permitted to realize his hopes, or nof? Shall our resentment be propitiated by promises, or shall we move sternly onward, regardless of favour or affection, to the infliction of a righteous punishment? My voice is, "Fiat justicia, ruat coelum." Send forth this decree, and all will be well. It will be a corner stone of adamant to the' government which we are about to erect. On such a solid foundation we shall be able to rear a fair fabric of freedom with such a pleasing combination of beauty and strength ^-s to attract the admiration of the virtuous, and at the same time bid defiance to the assaults of the vicious. But if, on the other hand, we should be overawed from this course by the dread of consequences, or be seduced from it by the flattering suggestions of a selfish policy, what will the present generation say; what will be the language of posterity, but that we were deficient in necessary energy for the times that we had lost in the cabinet what we gained in the field, and that the selfish character of our councils had dimmed the chivalry of San Jacinto ? I do not fly to the law of retaliation I repudiate the doctrine of in support of the measure I propose. "lex talionis." All that I ask is even-handed justice. Give to crime the punishment that is due. Justice is a lovely attribute. If personI would not ified, she would rival the masterwork of Praxiteles. mar the least of her beauties. I w^ould not of https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/1bbd6dd8d1d7f320d23db7a9e49a23df.jpg 16dee8eb376b48bf41057a200c5cd856 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 400 Width 400 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1836-37: Almonte, Bee, Hockley, Patton, Santa Anna, Texas to Washington Description An account of the resource This collection brings together items related to the journey of Antonio López de Santa Anna, Juan Almonte, Barnard Bee, George Washington Hockley, and W.H. Patton from Orizombo, Texas, to Washington, D.C. in the aftermath of the Texas Revolution, 1836-37. The journey was part of the diplomatic frenzy that followed Texas's successful secession from Mexico in early 1836. Mexico refused to recognize the new republic, while Texas pushed for recognition, and eventual annexation, by the United States. Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexico's president, had been captured at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. After Santa Anna spent several months as a prisoner of war, the Republic of Texas government sent him to Washington to meet with U.S. President Andrew Jackson. The party--Juan Almonte, a Mexican Army colonel, served as Santa Anna's translator, while Bee, Hockley, and Patton served as Republic of Texas diplomats--journeyed overland through the United States, reaching Washington on January 18, 1837. Santa Anna and Almonte spent several days in the city before returning to Vera Cruz, Mexico, on February 21, 1837. This collection includes items related to that journey, from both the participants and observers. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lamar's Prosecution of Santa Anna Description An account of the resource Mirabeau Lamar, future President of the Republic of Texas, presents his case against Santa Anna following Santa Anna's capture. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Archive.org Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Texas Historical Press Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1836 PDF Search This element set enables searching on PDF files. Text Text extracted from PDF files belonging to this item. U9- LAMAR'S PROSECUTION OF SANTA ANNA jniiuHiiiiiiiiiHiuMtniiiitiiiMiiithiiitiirnnnuiiifuiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiutiiiiiiiiiniMiiiiinnitmiiiiiiiiii spilt it *'The blood of Goliad and the Alamo. The hand that wrote Tekel on the walls of Mexico." Toast by Lamar, at a dinner given in his honor at Coiumbus, Ga., July 4, 1837. -- niiiiiiDniiMMiiiiiiiitiiiMiMitiiniitiiiiiiiiii iiMnriiniiiuitiiiiniiitiinniiiiMnniiiiiiiiiiiiMitiiniiiiinniiiiiiiiitiMinintininiiHtniiriiiiuiiiitttiMiiiiiiitHi SINCLAIR MORELAND EDITOR Published by The Texas Historical Press Austin, Texas Box 538 ��F 1232 .L2 Copy 1 Series No. 1 LAMAR'S PROSECUTION OF SANTA ANNA "The blood spilt it of Goliad and the Alamo. The hand that wrote Tekel on the walls of Mexico." Toast by Lamar, at a dinner given in his honor | -- | i at Columbus, Ga., July 4, 1837. I SINCLAIR MORELAND EDitOR Published by The Texas Historical Press Austin, Texas Box 538 �^^j^rj^. Uv.'^V.iW.c �: ; LAMAR'S PROSECUTION OF SANTA ANNA AVar Department, Eepnblic of Texas, 12th May, 1836. To the President and Cabinet Gentlemen-- Impressed with the importance of an early determination of the question as to what disposition shall be made of General Santa Anna and other Mexican prisoners in the custody of this government, I beg leave to call you to the consideration of the matter by tendering most respectfully the result of my reflections upon the subject, without burdening the cabinet with, the various considerations which have conducted me to my conclusions. Whatever course may be decided upon, prompt and energetic execution would seem to be highly advisable. From the tenor of some of our discussions, conducted with frankness and freedom, I infer that my views, in all probability, will be found on this embarrassing question not in accordance with those of a majority of the body with whom I have the honor to act; but, however variant our opinions,- there can be but one motive of action, which is patriotism, and but one object to attain, which is the good of the country. Feeling as I do a great reliance upon both your ability and willingness to perceive and pursue the right, I cannot urge my peculiar opinions with that ardour and zeal which I should do in cases where those with whom I might differ possessed a smaller share of my personal esteem .and public confidence. But, notwithstanding this unaffected deference to your virtue and wisdom, my convictions are not the less clear and stable, and my obligation to enforce them, as far as my official voice can do it, is not the less imperious and binding. Coming to my task with a clear conscience, and awarding the same to those with whom I disagree, I will in the first place promise that the different conclusions at which we have arrived in former discussions in relation to our distinguished prisoner, have arisen from the fact that whilst he has been considered by most of the cabinet exclusively as a prisoner of war, I have been disposed to regard him more as an apprehended murderer. The conduct of General Santa Anna will not permit me to view him in any other light. A chieftain battling for what he conceives to be the rights of his country, however mistaken in his views, may be privileged to make hot and vigorous war upon the foe but when, in violation of all the principles of civilized conflict, he avows and acts upon the revolting policy of extermination and rapine, slaying the surrendering, and plundering whom he slays, he forfeits the commiseration of mankind by sinking the character of the hero into that of an abhorred murderer. The President of Mexico has pursued such a war upon the citizens of this Republic. He has caused to be published to the world a decree denouncing as pirates beyond the reach of his clemency all who shall be found rallying around the standard of our independence. In accordance with this decree, he has turned over to the sword the bravest and best of our friends and fellow citizens after they had grounded their arms under �the most solemn pledge that their lives should be spared. He has fired our dwellings, laid waste our luxuriant fields, excited servile and insurrectionary war, violated plighted faith, and inhumanly ordered the cold-blooded butchery of prisoners, who have been betrayed into capitulation by heartless professions. I humbly conceive that the proclamation of such principles and the perpetuation of such crimes place the offender out of the pale of negotiation, and demand at our hands other treatment than what is due a mere prisoner of war. Instinct condemns him as a murderer, and reason justifies the verdict. Nor should the ends of justice be averted because of the exalted station of the criminal, or be made to give way to the suggestions of interest or any cold considerations of policy. He who sacrifices human life at the shrine of ambition, is a murderer, and deserves the punishment and infamy of one. The higher the offender, the greater reason for its infliction. I am therefore of the opinion that our prisoner, General Santa Anna, has forfeited his life by the highest of all crimes, and is not a suitable object for the exercise of our pardoning prerogative. There are minds, no doubt, that will readily assent to the justice of this sentence, yet, nevertheless, be willing to waive its execution for certain advantages which it is fancied will flow to our country from a wise and judicious negotiation. Of those who cherish this view of the matter, I would respectfully inquire, what surety do they propose for the fulfillment of any stipulations? "What good can they hope to result from an extorted treaty? General Santa Anna is our prisoner of war, and as such may be ready to enter into any agreement which our rights may require, or our selfishness exact; but, when restored to liberty and power, will he feel any obligation to comply with such terms which he had no agency in dictating? "What he assents to whilst a prisoner he may reject when a free man. Indeed, the idea of treating with a man in our power, who views freedom in acquiescence and death in opposition, seems to me more worthy of ridicule than refutation; and to carry on such a negotiation with an individual who never was known to fulfill a voluntary promise against his interest, with the remotest expectation that he will act up to an extorted one, which his pride and resentment spurn, would evince a confidence in human nature dangerous to act upon, and which I should most sincerely deplore if permitted to influence the councils of this Republic. If it be true, as experience leads us to suspect, that but little reliance is to be placed upon the faith even of good men, when it stands in collision with their interest, what dependence or confidence shall we repose upon the word of one whose sanguinary crimes are equalled only by his treachery and falsehood? Yet such is the acknowledged character of the distinguished individual with whom it is proposed to treat for our independence, and to restore to liberty and power under a verbal or written pledge that he will promote our wishes and serve our cause. With me such pledges are lighter dicer 's than moonshine 's watery beam. I trust them as I would a oaths." But, independent of this consideration, it may be very well doubted whether Santa Anna, with every disposition to fulfill every ' ' ' ' ' ' �--5-- agreement which he may now enter into, will, on his return to Mexico, have the power to do it. It was public opinion which drove him into war with Texas, and the same public sentiment, on his arrival at home, may keep him in the attitude of avowed, if not actual, hostility to this country. No matter what may be his private feelings, self-preservation, the stability of his power, may depend upon his continued opposition to our views. How can we then expect of him a compliance with any compact formed for the recognition The advantage of our independence, or for any other purpose? proposed to be gained from his supposed, or probable, integrity, cannot, of consequence, be realized, even with every willingness on his part to redeem his pledges. I doubt not in the least that as soon as the news of his defeat and imprisonment shall be sounded within the walls of Mexico, that instant will be lost all his authority in the land, as he has long since lost the affections of his people. He will be powerless either for good or ill. I am, therefore, decidedly opposed to all, negotiation or arrangements with him. First, because he is a prisoner, and not free to act secondly, because he is faithless and unworthy of confidence and thirdly, because of the great certainty of his inability to fulfill his promises, even with the desire to do it. But, after all, if I should find myself mistaken, if negotiations shall be entered into with him, and all the anticipated blessings be realized, our independence acknowledged, our national boundary settled, and our rights respected, I shall be mortified with the reflection that these ends, which might have been easily achieved by our valour, have been obtained by the sacrifice of just resentment, and the loss of merited vengeance. I shall certainly rejoice in my country's prosperity, but at the same time shall feel that whilst her interest was promoted, the ends of justice were perverted. Opposed as I stand to all negotiations with our prisoner, that question very naturally arises What is the next best course to adopt after the rejection of the proposal for his execution? I answer that T am but an ill adviser when I feel myself called upon to forsake the right, to follow the expedient yet, as I am bound officially to speak, I have no hesitancy in offering as my opinion, that the first thing to which we should direct our attention is the redemption of our fellow citizens in captivity, by exchange of prisoners, according to rank and numbers. When this is effected, the balance of the Mexicans in our power, the officers and soldiers, including General Santa Anna and his suite, should remain prisoners of war in the custody of the government, during the continuance of hostilities, which I would not cease to prosecute with all the vigour of our strength and resources, until our national rights shall be recognized in a treaty of peace with the government of Mexico. I feel that our country is fully adequate to the achievement of this desirable end, which I doubt not will be greatly facilitated by holding on to the most influential of our prisoners, whose interests it will be to promote, as "speedily as practicable, some arrangements with their government which shall give liberty to them and satisfaction to us. If they can be of any possible use to us in bringing about a recognition of our independence, it must be in this way; it must be by the lingering ; ; : ; �-- 6-- authority that may still attach to their names in Mexico, together with the personal influence which they may be able to exercise over their friends and partisans, for their redemption. As prisoners of war, it is their interest to forward our views, and they are powerless to do us harm but if we should release them upon the strength of any pledges which they might make, we turn loose an inveterate enemy, with knowledge increased by experience, and a disposition to injure augmented by mortified pride, with no guarantee for the fulfillment of promises, except the honor of one who feels no compunction and fears no shame. Hence I vote for their detention as prisoners, and stand opposed to all policy that would give them freedom before the termination of our struggle. And I recommend the adoption of this course the more cheerfully because it will operate the dethronement of a tyrant who never possessed power without abusing it, or the alfections of his people without betraying them. The detention of Santa Anna in Texas, until a treaty of peace is formed, will strip him of all authority in Mexico, and this will be mercy to that nation, and perhaps to mankind. He will return to the land that has groaned under his despotism a toothless viper, with the malevolence to strike, but without the fang to wound. Upon his downfall will rise the advocates of liberal principles and the friends of free government. Humanity will rejoice at the respite -from blood, and the agitated waves of society will be smoothed and tranquillized by the oil of peace. The ends of justice may not be fully attained, but the brave patriots whose rights have been crushed in the march of this ruthless rioter in blood will feel some consolation in the reflection that, though he escapes the proper expiation of crime, he will experience in the reverses of fortune some retribution for his merciless wars waged against human liberty and human life. I am understood, I presume, as recommending this course only as a secondary one. My mind adheres to its original convictions, that our prisoner should be tried and punished for the crime of murder. I still feel that strict justice requires this course, ; that it is sustained by reason, and will receive the sanction of the present generation, as well as the approving voice of posterit3^ If the cabinet could concur with me in this view of the subject, and march boldly up to what I conceive to be the line of right, it would form a bright page in the history of this infant nation. It would read well in the future annals of the present period, that the first act of this young Republic was to teach the Caligula of the age that in the administration of public justice, the vengeance of the law falls alike impartially on the prince and the peasant. It is time that such a lesson should be taught the despots of the earth. They have too long enjoyed an exemption from the common punishment of crime. Throned in power, they banquet on the life of man, and then have it in purchase security by the dispensation of favours. our power now to give an impulse to a salutary change in this order of things. "We are sitting in judgment upon the life of a stupendous villain, who, like all others of his race, hopes to escape the blow of merited vengeance by the strong appeals which his exalted station enables him to make to the weak or selfish principles of our nature. We �--7-- Shall he be permitted to realize his hopes, or nof? Shall our resentment be propitiated by promises, or shall we move sternly onward, regardless of favour or affection, to the infliction of a righteous punishment? My voice is, "Fiat justicia, ruat coelum." Send forth this decree, and all will be well. It will be a corner stone of adamant to the' government which we are about to erect. On such a solid foundation we shall be able to rear a fair fabric of freedom with such a pleasing combination of beauty and strength ^-s to attract the admiration of the virtuous, and at the same time bid defiance to the assaults of the vicious. But if, on the other hand, we should be overawed from this course by the dread of consequences, or be seduced from it by the flattering suggestions of a selfish policy, what will the present generation say; what will be the language of posterity, but that we were deficient in necessary energy for the times that we had lost in the cabinet what we gained in the field, and that the selfish character of our councils had dimmed the chivalry of San Jacinto ? I do not fly to the law of retaliation I repudiate the doctrine of in support of the measure I propose. "lex talionis." All that I ask is even-handed justice. Give to crime the punishment that is due. Justice is a lovely attribute. If personI would not ified, she would rival the masterwork of Praxiteles. mar the least of her beauties. I w^ould not of captivity diplomacy Mirabeau Lamar Santa Anna https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/4f371573dbb0a3e6a145d17717955a32.jpg d3e903b82de3599e7fc83fb34287d551 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 576 Width 522 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1836-37: Almonte, Bee, Hockley, Patton, Santa Anna, Texas to Washington Description An account of the resource This collection brings together items related to the journey of Antonio López de Santa Anna, Juan Almonte, Barnard Bee, George Washington Hockley, and W.H. Patton from Orizombo, Texas, to Washington, D.C. in the aftermath of the Texas Revolution, 1836-37. The journey was part of the diplomatic frenzy that followed Texas's successful secession from Mexico in early 1836. Mexico refused to recognize the new republic, while Texas pushed for recognition, and eventual annexation, by the United States. Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexico's president, had been captured at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. After Santa Anna spent several months as a prisoner of war, the Republic of Texas government sent him to Washington to meet with U.S. President Andrew Jackson. The party--Juan Almonte, a Mexican Army colonel, served as Santa Anna's translator, while Bee, Hockley, and Patton served as Republic of Texas diplomats--journeyed overland through the United States, reaching Washington on January 18, 1837. Santa Anna and Almonte spent several days in the city before returning to Vera Cruz, Mexico, on February 21, 1837. This collection includes items related to that journey, from both the participants and observers. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image of Hannah Ulrich's boarding house Description An account of the resource Hannah Ulrich's boarding house as seen on an aerial view map of the area around the White House, 1857. Ulrich purchased the house sometime before 1834, and remained the owner until her death in 1863. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1857 https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/e7d305af787e251a2086461620ca3750.jpg 16dee8eb376b48bf41057a200c5cd856 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 400 Width 400 https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/9a83dc521e026de8ce68b8a29c680eae.pdf b268df633a4799bb28dfae41404f6130 PDF Text Text ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1836-37: Almonte, Bee, Hockley, Patton, Santa Anna, Texas to Washington Description An account of the resource This collection brings together items related to the journey of Antonio López de Santa Anna, Juan Almonte, Barnard Bee, George Washington Hockley, and W.H. Patton from Orizombo, Texas, to Washington, D.C. in the aftermath of the Texas Revolution, 1836-37. The journey was part of the diplomatic frenzy that followed Texas's successful secession from Mexico in early 1836. Mexico refused to recognize the new republic, while Texas pushed for recognition, and eventual annexation, by the United States. Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexico's president, had been captured at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. After Santa Anna spent several months as a prisoner of war, the Republic of Texas government sent him to Washington to meet with U.S. President Andrew Jackson. The party--Juan Almonte, a Mexican Army colonel, served as Santa Anna's translator, while Bee, Hockley, and Patton served as Republic of Texas diplomats--journeyed overland through the United States, reaching Washington on January 18, 1837. Santa Anna and Almonte spent several days in the city before returning to Vera Cruz, Mexico, on February 21, 1837. This collection includes items related to that journey, from both the participants and observers. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Letter (copied from microfilm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter, Santa Anna to Jackson Description An account of the resource Letter from Santa Anna to Jackson, thanking Jackson for meeting with him. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Antonio López de Santa Anna Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Andrew Jackson Papers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01-24-1837 Zotero Archive Library of Congress, Manuscript Division PDF Search This element set enables searching on PDF files. Text Text extracted from PDF files belonging to this item. ���� https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/19de1e8cd462a8bed69bcbb7c4612c48.jpg 0469bf93c7946891c6d3f79af5896f7a Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 781 Width 600 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1836-37: Almonte, Bee, Hockley, Patton, Santa Anna, Texas to Washington Description An account of the resource This collection brings together items related to the journey of Antonio López de Santa Anna, Juan Almonte, Barnard Bee, George Washington Hockley, and W.H. Patton from Orizombo, Texas, to Washington, D.C. in the aftermath of the Texas Revolution, 1836-37. The journey was part of the diplomatic frenzy that followed Texas's successful secession from Mexico in early 1836. Mexico refused to recognize the new republic, while Texas pushed for recognition, and eventual annexation, by the United States. Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexico's president, had been captured at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. After Santa Anna spent several months as a prisoner of war, the Republic of Texas government sent him to Washington to meet with U.S. President Andrew Jackson. The party--Juan Almonte, a Mexican Army colonel, served as Santa Anna's translator, while Bee, Hockley, and Patton served as Republic of Texas diplomats--journeyed overland through the United States, reaching Washington on January 18, 1837. Santa Anna and Almonte spent several days in the city before returning to Vera Cruz, Mexico, on February 21, 1837. This collection includes items related to that journey, from both the participants and observers. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Description An account of the resource Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, 1829-1837 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Endicott, George, 1802-1848, lithographer Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available New York: Endicott, 359 Broadway, N.Y. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1834-1839 Zotero Call Number LC-USZ62-59182 https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/42bfc3541320cdb52384caf7648a2296.jpg 5bff7793a143da3bca43ebb0695f7c53 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 861 Width 600 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1836-37: Almonte, Bee, Hockley, Patton, Santa Anna, Texas to Washington Description An account of the resource This collection brings together items related to the journey of Antonio López de Santa Anna, Juan Almonte, Barnard Bee, George Washington Hockley, and W.H. Patton from Orizombo, Texas, to Washington, D.C. in the aftermath of the Texas Revolution, 1836-37. The journey was part of the diplomatic frenzy that followed Texas's successful secession from Mexico in early 1836. Mexico refused to recognize the new republic, while Texas pushed for recognition, and eventual annexation, by the United States. Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexico's president, had been captured at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. After Santa Anna spent several months as a prisoner of war, the Republic of Texas government sent him to Washington to meet with U.S. President Andrew Jackson. The party--Juan Almonte, a Mexican Army colonel, served as Santa Anna's translator, while Bee, Hockley, and Patton served as Republic of Texas diplomats--journeyed overland through the United States, reaching Washington on January 18, 1837. Santa Anna and Almonte spent several days in the city before returning to Vera Cruz, Mexico, on February 21, 1837. This collection includes items related to that journey, from both the participants and observers. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Engraving Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Martin Van Buren, president of the United States Description An account of the resource Portrait of President Martin Van Buren Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sartain, John, 1808-1897, engraver Inman, Henry, 1801-1846 , artist Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1839-1841 Zotero Call Number LC-USZ62-1738 https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/ee89fff0983f8f8ff83d316ce7c309cb.jpg 80ee9ca7372d3152a01330ba67177c28 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 713 Width 600 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pope House Description An account of the resource The Pope House in Lexington, Kentucky, designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe in 1811. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, 1764-1820, architect Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1811 Zotero Call Number LC-USZC4-118 https://davidmckenzie.info/projects/files/original/333db93bbc4729c7ab276100aaf7edbb.jpg b88c55912e9dca57bb25ef0e9fff8de7 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 676 Width 600 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Forsyth, Secretary of State Description An account of the resource John Forsyth, originally from Georgia, served as Secretary of State for Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource LC-USZ62-15299 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1840 ca. Zotero Call Number LC-USZ62-15299